Author: FTHMG

  • Using Self-disclosure As a Tool for Greater Connection by “Steve”

    Using Self-disclosure As a Tool for Greater Connection by “Steve”


    Using Self-disclosure As a Tool for Greater Connection by “Steve”

    Being Real

    Using self-disclosure as a tool for greater connection.

    THE BASICS

    Key points

    • Clients appreciate when psychotherapists are real.
    • Self-disclosure is a powerful tool when used appropriately.
    • Self-disclosure that is brief, authentic, and culturally-sensitive can make a greater impact.
    J'Wayne Covington/Unsplash

    Source: J’Wayne Covington/Unsplash

    “I would prefer asthma over schizophrenia any day,” said Mike, begrudgingly.

    The sinking feeling in my chest suggested an impending disaster. An attempt at relating with my client had backfired. Mike struggled with taking his medication regularly.

    Many people with severe mental illnesses refuse to take medication at some point during their treatment (Velligan, Sajatovic, Hatch, Kramata, & Docherty, 2017). Black men are no different. Mistrust in the medical system exacerbates Black men failing to take measures to ensure optimal health (Powell et al., 2019).

    Self-disclosure—or sharing personal information about yourself—is a controversial topic for therapists (Ziv-Beiman, 2013). Some argue that it helps, while others suggest that it may be harmful. Being eager to help, I tried to equate asthma with Mike’s perception of schizophrenia. I wanted to convey that just as I was required to take my inhaler, he had to keep up with his medication as well. Mike went on to express how he would much prefer asthma over schizophrenia. They are both serious health concerns. However, the conditions are viewed differently.

    Mental health concerns have more stigma associated with them (Husain et al., 2020). One study of over 8,000 individuals found that it takes people 11 years from the time they start experiencing symptoms to the time they get treated (Wang, Berglund, Olfson, & Kessler, 2004). Stigma is a significant contributor to this problem.

    Self-disclosure can be a powerful tool—when used appropriately—to reduce some of the stigma. There are many reasons why therapists utilize disclosure. Appropriate disclosure helps validate and normalize our client’s reality, offers different ways of thinking and behaving, and deepens the connection between us and our clients (Hill & Knox, 2001). It can also help us come across as more relatable; power differentials present significant challenges when working with male clients (Bichard, 2019).

    Below are some considerations for what appropriate self-disclosure looks like:

    Culturally sensitive

    The use of self-disclosure can be problematic if it is based on cultural assumptions (Lee, 2014). As discussed in a previous article, culture goes beyond race and ethnicity. Our disclosure should only be used after we have a thorough understanding of the cultural factors that impact our client’s worldview.

    Authentic

    Clients appreciate when we are real. Our professional licensure, certifications, and other indicators of clinical acumen sometimes create distance as opposed to allowing us to connect. Sharing something about ourselves—when relevant—can help minimize this barrier.

    Client-focused

    The goal should always be to help the client meet their needs as opposed to having our own needs met. My angst and need to be viewed in a favorable manner led me to indirectly tell Mike, “Hey, I have to take this medication as well. See, no big deal.” It is a big deal. People who struggle with mental illnesses often experience shame and guilt in addition to the debilitating effects of the disorder. Further, I was not being real as I take my inhalers as needed (which is different than Mike’s case in that he is required to take his medication daily).

    article continues after advertisement

    Brief

    It is their session, not ours. If we are not careful, we may elicit a caretaking response from our client. As mentioned in an earlier article, good therapists are in therapy themselves to get their own needs met. Another point is that disclosure should not frequently happen for the same reason mentioned above.

    Elicit feedback

    It is important to carefully observe our client’s reactions (facial expressions, tone of voice, body language, etc.) to get a sense of how our self-disclosure affects them. Further, it helps to ask clients directly how they perceived our disclosure.

    Some questions to be mindful of before disclosing are: What need is driving me to share this information (is it for me, or is it for the client)? How might this information be helpful? Is this helpful to share now (perhaps the disclosure may be better suited for a later time)?

    I share this lesson to demonstrate that I am human and make mistakes. I made this error earlier in my career and still sometimes make mistakes today. However, I have found that mistakes can strengthen our alliance with clients if we are willing to admit them. Through self-awareness and honesty with ourselves, we can use these moments as opportunities to be real.

    Fortunately, I was able to move forward in a manner that was productive for Mike. Consider using self-disclosure appropriately in order to make meaningful connections with your clients.

    Brett Jordan/Unsplash

  • Journal Prompts After a Hard Week: 25 Prompts to Help You Reset

    Journal Prompts After a Hard Week: 25 Prompts to Help You Reset

    Some weeks just take more out of you. Maybe it was work, a hard conversation, a string of small frustrations that added up, or just the low hum of exhaustion that doesn’t have one clear cause. Whatever it was, you made it through — and now it’s worth taking a few quiet minutes to put it down on paper before you carry it into the next one.

    Journaling after a hard week isn’t about fixing everything or finding a silver lining you’re not ready for yet. It’s about processing — letting your nervous system know the week is actually over, and giving your mind a place to put down what it’s been holding.

    Here are 25 prompts to help you do exactly that, organized so you can start wherever feels right.

    Why Reflecting After a Hard Week Matters

    When a week is hard, your body often stays in a low-grade stress response even after the hard part is technically finished — meetings end, but the tension doesn’t. Writing gives your nervous system a clear signal: this is over, I can process it now. It also helps you notice patterns (what actually drained you, what helped) so next week doesn’t have to look identical.

    Prompts to Name What Happened

    1. What was the hardest part of this week, in one or two sentences?
    2. What emotion did you feel most often this week? Where did you feel it in your body?
    3. What’s one thing you haven’t said out loud about this week — even to yourself?
    4. If this week had a headline, what would it be?
    5. What surprised you about how you handled this week?

    Prompts to Release Tension

    1. What are you still carrying from this week that you’re ready to put down?
    2. Write a sentence you needed to hear this week but didn’t.
    3. What would it feel like to fully exhale about this week?
    4. Is there anger, sadness, or frustration you haven’t let yourself feel yet? Give it a few lines here.
    5. What’s one thing that happened this week that wasn’t your fault?

    Prompts to Find What Actually Helped

    1. What got you through the hardest moment this week?
    2. Who or what made this week even 1% easier?
    3. What’s one small thing you did for yourself this week that you’re proud of?
    4. When did you feel most like yourself this week, even briefly?
    5. What coping tool did you reach for, and did it work?

    Prompts to Notice Patterns

    1. Is this a “hard week” you’ve had before? What’s familiar about it?
    2. What drained your energy the most — and was it something you can change next time?
    3. What boundary, if you’d had it in place, would have made this week easier?
    4. What’s one thing you’d tell a friend who had the exact week you just had?
    5. Looking back, what does this week want you to pay attention to?

    Prompts to Reset and Look Forward

    1. What does “lighter” look like for you going into next week?
    2. What’s one thing you can let go of before Monday?
    3. What’s something small you’re looking forward to?
    4. What would make next week 10% easier than this one?
    5. Write yourself a short note to read next time you have a week like this one.

    How to Use These Prompts

    You don’t need to answer all 25 — even one, done honestly, can shift how a hard week sits with you. Many people find it helpful to do this on a Friday evening or Sunday morning, as a way of formally “closing” the week before the next one starts.

    If weekly reset journaling is something you want to build into a regular rhythm, our Weekly Reset Journal Workbook includes these prompts plus a simple format for a five-minute Friday check-in.

    Get the Weekly Reset Journal Workbook →


    FAQ

    How often should I journal after a hard week? Even once a week — a short Friday or Sunday reflection — can be enough to notice patterns and process built-up stress before it carries into the next week.

    What if writing about the week makes me feel worse at first? That can happen, especially if you’ve been pushing feelings aside to get through the week. Go slowly, keep entries short, and reach out to a therapist or trusted person if what comes up feels like more than you can process alone.

    Is there a “right” way to do this kind of journaling? No — there’s no required format. Bullet points, half-sentences, and messy handwriting all count.


    Sources

    • American Psychological Association — research on stress recovery and reflective writing
    • Harvard Health Publishing — research on journaling and reduced physiological stress markers

  • Meditation: A Complete Guide to Finding Calm and Reducing Stress

    Meditation: A Complete Guide to Finding Calm and Reducing Stress

    Meditation: A Complete Guide to Finding Calm and Reducing Stress

    Modern life can be busy, demanding, and overwhelming. Between work, family responsibilities, social media, and daily stressors, it’s easy to feel mentally exhausted. Meditation offers an opportunity to pause, breathe, and reconnect with yourself.

    You don’t need special equipment, years of experience, or hours of free time. Even a few quiet minutes each day can help create moments of calm, improve focus, and encourage emotional well-being.

    This guide explores what meditation is, how it works, different types of meditation, and practical tips for building a consistent practice.


    What Is Meditation?

    Meditation is the practice of intentionally focusing your attention. While many people associate meditation with sitting quietly, it can take many forms.

    Some people focus on:

    • Their breathing
    • A calming word or phrase
    • Bodily sensations
    • Gratitude
    • Loving-kindness
    • Guided visualizations
    • Gentle movement
    • Present-moment awareness

    Meditation isn’t about stopping your thoughts completely. Instead, it’s about learning to observe thoughts without becoming overwhelmed by them.


    Benefits of Meditation

    Research suggests that regular meditation may provide a variety of mental and physical benefits.

    Many people report:

    • Feeling calmer during stressful situations
    • Improved concentration
    • Better emotional awareness
    • Greater patience
    • Improved sleep quality
    • Increased self-compassion
    • A greater sense of balance

    Meditation is not a cure for medical or mental health conditions, but it can be a helpful wellness practice alongside other healthy habits and professional care when appropriate.


    Different Types of Meditation

    There isn’t one “right” way to meditate. Exploring different styles can help you discover what works best for you.

    Mindfulness Meditation

    Mindfulness involves paying attention to the present moment without judgment.

    You simply notice:

    • Your breathing
    • Physical sensations
    • Thoughts
    • Sounds
    • Emotions

    When your mind wanders—which is completely normal—you gently return your attention to the present.


    Guided Meditation

    Guided meditation is led by an instructor through audio or video. It often includes breathing exercises, visualization, or relaxation techniques, making it a popular option for beginners.


    Loving-Kindness Meditation

    Also known as Metta meditation, this practice encourages compassion toward yourself and others.

    Many people silently repeat phrases such as:

    • May I be safe.
    • May I be healthy.
    • May I be peaceful.
    • May others be happy.

    Body Scan Meditation

    A body scan invites you to slowly bring awareness to different parts of your body, noticing areas of tension and relaxation.

    This technique can help you reconnect with your body and recognize physical signs of stress.


    Walking Meditation

    Meditation doesn’t have to happen while sitting still.

    Walking meditation combines gentle movement with mindful awareness by focusing on each step, your breathing, and the environment around you.


    How Meditation Helps Reduce Stress

    Stress often causes the mind to race with worries about the past or future. Meditation encourages you to gently return your attention to the present moment.

    With regular practice, many people notice they become more aware of their thoughts and reactions, making it easier to respond thoughtfully rather than react automatically.


    Meditation for Anxiety

    When anxious thoughts become overwhelming, meditation can encourage slowing down and focusing on the present.

    Simple breathing exercises and mindfulness practices may help reduce feelings of tension and improve emotional regulation.

    If anxiety is significantly affecting your daily life, consider speaking with a qualified healthcare professional or licensed mental health provider.


    Meditation and Better Sleep

    Many people find it difficult to quiet their minds before bed.

    Evening meditation may help create a calming bedtime routine by encouraging relaxation before sleep.

    Try:

    • Slow breathing
    • Progressive muscle relaxation
    • Guided sleep meditation
    • Gratitude reflection

    Creating a Daily Meditation Habit

    Consistency matters more than duration.

    Begin with just five minutes.

    Helpful tips include:

    • Meditate at the same time each day.
    • Choose a quiet space.
    • Silence your phone.
    • Sit comfortably.
    • Focus on your breathing.
    • Be patient with yourself.

    Remember that every meditation session is different.


    Common Meditation Challenges

    “I can’t stop thinking.”

    Everyone experiences thoughts during meditation.

    The goal isn’t to stop thinking.

    The goal is noticing when your attention wanders and gently bringing it back.


    “I don’t have enough time.”

    Even five minutes can make a meaningful difference.

    Small daily habits often become lasting routines.


    “I’m doing it wrong.”

    There is no perfect meditation.

    Every practice looks different.

    Showing up consistently is far more important than trying to achieve perfection.


    Woman meditates

    Creating a Peaceful Meditation Space

    You don’t need an entire room.

    A small corner with a chair, cushion, soft lighting, or a favorite blanket can become your personal place for mindfulness.

    Choose an area that feels comfortable, quiet, and welcoming.


    Combining Meditation with Other Wellness Practices

    Meditation works well alongside many healthy habits, including:

    • Journaling
    • Gentle yoga
    • Walking
    • Deep breathing
    • Spending time in nature
    • Practicing gratitude
    • Self-care routines

    Building a balanced wellness routine often includes a variety of activities that support both your mind and body.


    Frequently Asked Questions

    How long should I meditate?

    Beginners often start with five to ten minutes. As you become more comfortable, you may choose to meditate for longer.


    Do I have to sit cross-legged?

    No. You can meditate in a chair, on a cushion, or even while walking.


    Is meditation religious?

    Meditation is practiced in many traditions, but it can also be entirely secular. Many people use meditation simply as a mindfulness or relaxation practice.


    Can children meditate?

    Yes. Short, age-appropriate mindfulness exercises can help children learn emotional awareness and focus.


    What if I miss a day?

    That’s okay. Meditation is a lifelong practice, and it’s normal to miss a day. Simply begin again when you’re ready.


    Final Thoughts

    Meditation isn’t about perfection or emptying your mind. It’s about creating intentional moments to slow down, breathe, and reconnect with yourself.

    Whether you practice for five minutes or thirty, at home or outdoors, consistency and self-compassion are what matter most. Over time, meditation can become a valuable part of a balanced approach to mental and emotional well-being.

    Take one breath, one moment, and one day at a time.

    Editorial Standards: At Fitness Hacks For Life, our educational content is researched using reputable sources, including government health agencies, universities, and peer-reviewed research when available. Our articles are reviewed regularly to help ensure accuracy and relevance. Educational content is not a substitute for personalized medical or mental health advice.

  • 8 Ways to Protect Yourself from a Narcissist

    8 Ways to Protect Yourself from a Narcissist

    One of the hardest truths to accept is this: you cannot change a narcissist—but you can change how you respond to them. When you emotionally detach, stay grounded, and focus on your own well-being, their influence over your life begins to fade.

    Here are eight practical ways to protect yourself:

    1. Recognize the Warning Signs

    Narcissists often make a great first impression. They may appear charming, confident, and generous. Over time, however, unhealthy patterns often emerge. Watch for behaviors such as:

    • Constant criticism of others
    • Manipulation and control
    • Blame-shifting
    • Gaslighting (making you question your reality)
    • Lack of empathy
    • A constant need for admiration and validation

    Recognizing these signs early can help you avoid becoming deeply entangled in a harmful relationship.

    2. Set Clear Boundaries—and Keep Them

    Healthy boundaries are one of your strongest forms of protection.

    Decide what behaviors you will and won’t accept, then enforce those boundaries consistently. Narcissists often test limits, so avoid lengthy explanations or debates. A simple, calm, and firm response is usually the most effective.

    3. Don’t Feed the Drama

    Many narcissists thrive on emotional reactions. Anger, guilt, fear, or desperation can become tools they use to maintain control.

    Whenever possible:

    • Stay calm.
    • Keep conversations brief.
    • Avoid arguing or trying to prove your point.
    • Respond instead of reacting.

    Protecting your peace is more important than winning an argument.

    4. Watch Actions, Not Words

    Promises, apologies, and grand declarations can sound convincing.

    Instead of focusing on what someone says, pay attention to what they consistently do. Genuine change is demonstrated through long-term actions—not repeated promises.

    5. Stop Seeking Their Approval

    Narcissists often make people feel they must earn love, acceptance, or validation.

    Remember:

    Your worth is not determined by someone else’s opinion of you.

    The more your confidence comes from within, the less power manipulation has over you.

    6. Protect Your Personal Information

    Be thoughtful about what you share.

    Personal stories, fears, or vulnerabilities can sometimes be used against you later during conflicts or manipulation. Share sensitive information only with people who have earned your trust.

    7. Build a Strong Support System

    Manipulation often creates isolation.

    Stay connected with trusted friends, family members, support groups, or a licensed mental health professional. Healthy relationships remind you of your value and help you maintain perspective.

    8. Be Prepared to Create Distance

    Sometimes the healthiest choice is limiting contact—or ending the relationship altogether.

    If you must continue interacting because of work, co-parenting, or other obligations:

    • Keep communication brief.
    • Stick to facts.
    • Focus only on practical matters.
    • Avoid unnecessary emotional discussions.

    Remember

    You cannot control another person’s behavior, but you can protect your peace, your boundaries, and your well-being.

    Healing begins when you stop trying to change someone who doesn’t want to change—and start investing that energy in yourself.

    If you’re experiencing emotional abuse or manipulation, consider reaching out to a trusted mental health professional or someone you trust for support.

  • How to Spot Master Manipulators and Avoid Being Played By Julie Cantrell

    How to Spot Master Manipulators and Avoid Being Played By Julie Cantrell

    Learn to recognize the textbook patterns of narcissists, sociopaths, and psychopaths to protect yourself and those you love from being abused

    Master manipulators act in patterned and predictable steps. Through their twisted lens, the world is their chessboard and people are pawns to be used and abused.

    If we know what to watch for, we’ll be far less likely to be played by these cons, whether as individuals or as a society. So let’s walk through the typical strategies in a narcissistic playbook.

    Manipulators Set Their Mark

    First, master manipulators set their focus on a target. This target may be a person, group, system, or nation that they’ll try to exploit for purposes of self-gain or simply to feel a surge of power and control.

    These manipulators fail to understand that true strength is choosing love and kindness, and because they lack any sense of empathy or compassion for other people, they actually view kindhearted and honest souls as weak and pathetic. They often refer to their targets as “Losers” because they believe they’re “Winning” at some kind of game.

    Unable to form healthy relational attachments, these psychologically damaged individuals rely on manipulative maneuvers when interacting with other people. They often start by luring a target during a grooming period. This phase may or may not include love bombing, but ultimately this is the stage in which a healthy-minded person believes they’re entering into a genuine, trusting, safe relationship (whether platonic, professional, or intimate).

    In this stage of their game, the abusers convince a target that they’re trustworthy and on their side in the world — more than anyone else. Then, they establish solid trauma bonds as they gaslight and brainwash a target through a progressive slide of abuse and alienation.

    This pattern is common for sexual predators, trafficking rings, and domestic abusers (whether physical, sexual, spiritual, financial, or psychological). But these same textbook maneuvers are used by con-artists of all types, building the trust of a target while gaining access to their bank accounts, bodies, minds, and spirits. They set their mark and then systematically devour a soul one small compromise at a time.

    They set their mark and then systematically devour a soul one small compromise at a time.

    While that slow progression is quite common (and well documented by those who study sociopathic/psychopathic behavior), manipulators may also lash out with an impulsive blast against someone who dares to question, challenge, or discern the abuser’s true character (especially if it’s done in public to tap into the abuser’s core of shame). This is typically known as “narcissistic rage” and it’s the kind of rant we’ve witnessed recently when R. Kelly exploded during an interview with Gayle King.

    In that moment of rage, manipulators feel ALL POWERFUL, especially if their target becomes emotional, silenced, or afraid. And that’s a drug these abusers learn to crave.

    Another reason manipulators attack a target is when they aim bitterly at anyone who threatens the abuser’s frail ego simply by existing in the world as a stronger, smarter, kinder, happier, or more successful person/group/system. This is the age-old story of jealousy taken to an extreme. As Taylor Swift sings, “People throw rocks at things that shine.”

    “People throw rocks at things that shine.” — Taylor Swift

    In this last situation, imagine emotionally fragile children who haven’t yet developed a sense of security in the world. Unlike more secure children who are willing to share, these less-secure children would rather destroy a toy then let someone else enjoy it. If their envy becomes pathological, they’ll even aim to destroy the happy child (whether over a toy, attention, approval, or just soul-deep jealousy of the one who is happier.)

    Now picture this happening on an adult level. This may involve a competitive co-worker who sabotages someone’s career, a jealous ex who stalks the new lover, a narcissistic partner who sets out to destroy someone’s entire life, or a psychopathic serial killer who preys upon the innocent simply for the thrill of taking total power over someone who has what the killer wants — innocence, love, happiness, friendships, trust.

    Beware the Smear Campaign and the False Reality

    Once the manipulators choose a target, they will intentionally erode the target’s reputation by labeling that target as unsafe, crazy, wacko, psycho, sick, unfit, a liar, a thief, a cheater, a criminal… anything to make people doubt the innocence/competence/stability/sanity of that target. They may even replace the target’s name with a nickname based on this false persona and repeat that accusation constantly until bystanders begin to associate the target accordingly.

    Abusers do this by finding one small mistake or flaw, exploiting that weakness, and eroding the credibility of the person or system by exaggerating and obsessively focusing on that one weak point. If manipulators can convince enablers to doubt the truth for even a second… they can reframe reality and convince them to believe wildly distorted claims or “alternative facts.”

    If manipulators can convince enablers to doubt the truth for even a second… they can reframe reality and convince them to believe wildly distorted claims or “alternative facts.”

    Taking this as far as they can go, manipulators will push this “spin” by launching an all-out smear campaign, causing some people (enablers) to doubt or distance themselves from the innocent scapegoat. This is what forms a “system of abuse.”

    Consider recent situations involving Harvey WeinsteinJeffrey Epstein, and Larry NassarNone of those predators could have gotten away with their horrifically violent abuses without an entire system of enablers surrounding them.

    Many manipulators take it even farther, brainwashing other bystanders to join in on the abuse. These co-abusers are called “flying monkeys” as a tie to The Wizard of Oz in which the Wicked Witch of the West holds court in her castle while sending her troops out to do the dirty work. With enough flying monkeys, some manipulators choose to step back and keep their hands clean while pulling the puppet strings of the people around them.

    As an example, take a look at American History X, a 1998 American crime drama written by David McKenna. In that film, the leader of a white supremacist group sits up in his seedy office and fuels a circle of manipulative minds. He labels innocent people as the enemy and then sets his flying monkeys loose to attack. Is he committing violent acts? No. But is he a puppet master pulling the strings without any regard for how those actions will impact the young extremists in his clutch (much less their targets)? Absolutely.

    Another juvenile behavior manipulators may revert to is backstabbing to triangulate their targets. In this case, they pit two targets against one another just to watch them devour each other.

    Consider The Girl on the Train, the bestselling novel by Paula Hawkins. In this story, the manipulative husband plays his ex-wife against his current wife (and then, just for kicks, adds in a new partner). His goal is to scapegoat his ex. But, he’s already starting in on his current wife as his new target. He’s so good as his game, he convinces everyone his ex is not only insane but a murderer… he even convinces her of that false reality.

    And that’s the real danger of these manipulators. They aim to make their target lose complete grip of the truth.

    And that’s the real danger of these manipulators. They aim to make their target lose complete grip of the truth.

    Triangulation may involve two people, two families, two companies, two rivals, or two groups of people (races, religions, classes, tribes, nations). A cheating husband may bring his lover to a dinner hosted by his wife. A manipulative ex may triangulate the kids as weapons against their innocent parent. A corporate executive may pit two competitors against each other to weaken them before pouncing with a buyout. A tyrant may fuel hate between two factions, encouraging them to tear each other to bits so they’re too distracted to notice the destructive things he’s doing right in front of them all. By trying to divide and then conquer, these abusers play a sick game from the start.

    By trying to divide and then conquer, these abusers play a sick game from the start.

    Peek Behind the Curtain

    When the target starts to question the truth, manipulators will project their own unhealthy behaviors onto the target and convince enablers that the innocent scapegoat is the one guilty of the very crimes they’re committing. The abusers will also play the victim, gathering empathy from those who can’t see behind their masks.

    For example, if a husband is having an affair, he’ll accuse the wife of cheating. If a con is stealing from the company, she’ll accuse an innocent coworker of stealing.

    If we really want to know the sins of master manipulators, listen to what they accuse others of doing and we’ll know exactly what they’re up to.

    If we really want to know the sins of master manipulators, listen to what they accuse others of doing and we’ll know exactly what they’re up to.

    Discernment is Key

    Once we understand clearly how this twisted con game works, it’s very easy to identify the “players” of the world.

    So how do we maintain our own power? By choosing not to become an abuser, an enabler, or a flying monkey. And while we can’t always avoid becoming a target (no one is immune), we don’t have to lower ourselves to their standards when we do find ourselves in that terrible position.

    Consider The Truman Show, a 1998 American comedy-drama directed by Peter Weir and written by Andrew Niccol. In this story, Truman was groomed from birth to believe in a false reality. While he thought his life was real, he was actually being played, terribly, by everyone he loved and trusted. None of the abuse could have happened if the producer of the reality show that exploited him hadn’t been supported by an entire cast of enablers.

    As Truman started to question the truth, the producer upped his abuse. Once he could no longer manipulate Truman completely, he set out to destroy the innocent target, and the entire system rallied behind him because it benefitted them to keep Truman in the show.

    This story serves as a strong example of how difficult it is to realize we’re being manipulated, break free of the lies, reclaim the truth, and fight our way to freedom, especially when an entire system is trying to convince us we’re the one who is wrong and the manipulator is right. It takes tremendous strength, clarity, resilience, and spiritual discernment to stay true to ourselves in that kind of storm.

    The key is to keep our heart open, our mind clear, our feet steady, and our soul anchored to a greater, more powerful, more sacred source of positive energy so we can discern the truth without being blown to bits by the dark, negative vortex of destruction.

  • Why Your Body Holds Anxiety (And 5 Ways to Release It)

    Why Your Body Holds Anxiety (And 5 Ways to Release It)

    When people talk about anxiety, the conversation usually centers on racing thoughts, worry, or overthinking. But if you’ve ever felt a tight chest, clenched jaw, shallow breathing, or a stomach in knots when you’re anxious, you already know: anxiety doesn’t just live in your mind. It lives in your body.

    That’s not a coincidence — it’s biology. And understanding why your body holds onto anxiety is the first step to actually releasing it.

    Why Your Body Holds Onto Anxiety

    When your brain perceives a threat — real or imagined — it activates your sympathetic nervous system, the “fight or flight” response. Your body doesn’t distinguish well between a genuine emergency and a stressful email, a hard conversation, or a spiraling thought. It reacts the same way either time: muscles tense, breathing quickens, heart rate rises, and stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline flood your system.

    The problem is that in modern life, we rarely get to complete that stress response the way our bodies expect to — through physical movement, like running from danger. So the tension has nowhere to go. It settles into your shoulders, your jaw, your chest, your gut — and stays there, sometimes long after the original trigger has passed.

    This is why you can “think” your way out of a worry and still feel anxious. The thought may have passed, but your body hasn’t gotten the message yet.

    5 Ways to Release Physical Anxiety

    1. Try the 2-Minute Anxiety-Calming Stretch
    Slow, breath-paired movement helps signal safety to your nervous system.

    • Standing forward fold (30 sec) — hinge forward, let your head and arms hang, breathe slowly.
    • Child’s pose (30 sec) — sit back on your heels, arms stretched forward, breathe into your back.
    • Seated spinal twist (15 sec/side) — gentle twist each direction.
    • Neck release (15 sec/side) — ear toward shoulder, opposite shoulder relaxed.
    • Deep breath finish (15 sec) — 3 slow breaths, eyes closed.

    2. Breathe Out Longer Than You Breathe In
    A longer exhale activates your parasympathetic nervous system — your body’s natural “calm down” switch. Try inhaling for 4 counts and exhaling for 6-8 counts, a few times in a row.

    3. Shake It Out
    Literally. Animals in the wild physically shake after a stressful event to release built-up tension — and it works for humans too. A minute of shaking out your hands, arms, and legs can help discharge nervous energy.

    4. Progressive Muscle Relaxation
    Starting from your feet and working up, tense each muscle group for 5 seconds, then release. This teaches your body to recognize the difference between tension and relaxation — and helps you catch tightness before it builds up.

    5. Get Your Feet on the Ground — Literally
    Grounding techniques, like standing barefoot outside or pressing your feet firmly into the floor while noticing the sensation, can help pull your nervous system out of anxious overdrive and back into the present moment.

    When Movement Isn’t Enough

    These techniques can help release the physical tension that comes with everyday stress and anxiety — but they’re not a replacement for treatment if anxiety is a persistent, significant part of your life. If anxiety is affecting your daily functioning, relationships, or wellbeing, it’s worth talking to someone who can help.

    TheraConnect connects you with both licensed mental health professionals and experienced coaches, so you can find the right kind of support for exactly where you are — free to search, no barriers.


    FAQ

    Why does anxiety cause physical symptoms like chest tightness or a stomachache?
    Anxiety activates your body’s fight-or-flight response, which redirects blood flow, tenses muscles, and speeds up breathing and heart rate — all physical reactions, not just mental ones.

    Can stretching actually help with anxiety?
    Yes. Slow, breath-paired movement can help activate your parasympathetic nervous system, which counteracts the fight-or-flight response and helps your body physically shift out of an anxious state.

    How do I know if my anxiety needs professional support?
    If anxiety is persistent, intense, or interfering with your daily life, relationships, or wellbeing, it’s a good idea to talk to a licensed professional. Physical release techniques can help in the moment, but they’re not a substitute for treatment when anxiety is significant.

    What’s the fastest way to calm anxiety in the moment?
    Slow, extended exhales (longer than your inhale) are one of the fastest ways to signal safety to your nervous system, since they directly activate your body’s calming response.


    This article is for general informational purposes and isn’t a substitute for professional medical or mental health advice. If you’re experiencing significant or persistent anxiety, consider reaching out to a licensed provider — find one on TheraConnect.

  • Are You Feeling Sparks With Someone New or Anxiety?by Dr. Roxy Zarrabi, Psy.D

    Are You Feeling Sparks With Someone New or Anxiety?by Dr. Roxy Zarrabi, Psy.D

    Why asking this question could be an important part of finding the right match.
    When you’re feeling sparks with someone you have recently started seeing, there is an adrenaline rush that often feels thrilling. Your heart may beat fast, you may experience shortness of breath, or you may feel butterflies in your stomach.

    These are the same types of physical responses that you would experience if you detected a threat in your environment. When these physical responses occur in a dating context, they may be incorrectly interpreted as romantic attraction—a phenomenon referred to as misattribution of arousal. Research has demonstrated that a heightened level of anxiety in the moment may cause someone to feel more attracted to a potential partner than they would have otherwise.

    Our subconscious minds are primed to be drawn to what is familiar to us so when we meet someone who reminds us of a person from our past, we may feel a magnetic pull to be with them; a sense that we’ve “known them forever.” Initially, you may feel like you’re on cloud nine but if you didn’t have a healthy role model for a romantic relationship growing up or your relationship with your caregivers was strained or inconsistent, then it’s possible you may be feeling anxiety around a potential partner but interpreting it as strong chemistry.

    For example, Sarah is a woman whose parents had a tumultuous relationship with lots of highs and lows. Witnessing the dysfunctional relationship between her parents stirred up anxiety for Sarah and since this was the role model she had for a romantic relationship, she associates love with extreme highs and lows. When Sarah meets potential partners with whom she experiences the same dynamic, she feels a sense of familiarity as if she’s known this person for a long time. Sarah may feel the most drawn to partners who stir up the same feelings of anxiety she experienced as a child, but mistakenly perceive these feelings as excitement or strong chemistry.

    What is often surprising to people is that they may feel the most excitement and chemistry with individuals who mirror this early dynamic, even if they disliked their parents’ relationship. Research has shown that people are often drawn to partners who seem familiar to them and exhibit similar qualities as their primary caregivers. A relationship template is often the basis from which one interprets a partner’s compatibility and contains the core beliefs that were learned early on about love. In the above example, if Sarah were to meet someone who is stable and does not evoke the same type of anxiety for her, she may assume there is no chemistry or perceive them as boring. This can be particularly true of individuals who are typically drawn to the same type of partner repeatedly without success.

    Although it’s often easier said than done, pacing yourself when you meet someone new that you’re interested in can prevent you from getting prematurely attached and help you to recognize red flags early on. It’s natural for many people to feel nervous during the initial stages of dating someone they’re interested in, so feeling butterflies or sparks isn’t necessarily a sign that a potential partner isn’t a good match for you.

    So how can you determine if the sparks you’re feeling are a result of your compatibility with a potential partner or your anxiety? A few questions that can help you get started on exploring this further are:

    • Have you had this feeling before? If so, when and with whom?
    • If this same feeling has come up with previous romantic partners, why did those relationships end? Would it have benefitted you during the initial stages of dating, to consider whether you were feeling anxiety or sparks?
    • How do you feel around this person and how does your body respond around them? Do you feel a sense of ease or do you feel on edge?

    Stay updated on my latest freebies and blog posts by clicking here

    Disclaimer: This post is for informational purposes only. This post is not intended to be a substitute for professional or psychological advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your mental health professional or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding your condition or well-being.

    References

    Dutton, D. G., & Aron, A. P. (1974). Some evidence for heightened sexual attraction under conditions of high anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30(4), 510–517. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037031

    Geher, G. (2000). Perceived and actual characteristics of parents and partners: A test of a freudian model of mate selection. Current Psychology, 19(3), 194–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-000-1015-7

    Dr. Roxy Zarrabi Psy.D

  • The Facts About Sibling Estrangement By Peg Streep

    The Facts About Sibling Estrangement By Peg Streep

    It’s often a byproduct of parent-child estrangement.

    Despite cultural myths, there are enormous variations in sibling closeness and connection.

    Children growing up in the same household with the same parents can have totally different experiences.

    Sibling estrangement is often a consequence of adult child-parent estrangement.

    It appears that the chances of sibling estrangement increase with age.

    Source: Merritt Thomas/Unsplash

    Source: Merritt Thomas/Unsplash

    While the hands-down winner of the most powerful mythologies associated with a familial role remains that of the mother, a close second is most certainly that of the sibling relationship. In part, because the sibling relationship has the potential to be the longest-lasting relationship of an individual’s life, sibling connections have long been mythologized as being central to not just a person’s identity but to their well-being.

    If you question that, just think about the many years devoted to pitying the “poor” only child and their deprived situation, which, as it happens, turns out not to be true—thank you very much.

    So strong is the cultural belief in the importance of sibling ties that we have turned sibling fractiousness and aggression into a “normal” occurrence and relabeled it “sibling rivalry,” in defiance of not just the Biblical cautionary tale of Cain and Abel but current psychological research, especially that of Dr. Jonathan Caspi.

    That vision of happy siblings gathered around the holiday table á la Norman Rockwell remains the image to which the culture hews, despite what research—and many personal experiences—show. It’s worth noting that I have a sibling, nine years younger than I, from whom I have been estranged for many years. Historically, my estrangement from him was a function of my permanent estrangement from our mother, our sole surviving parent, but I can’t really say that we would not have ended up estranged anyway. That observation reflects what I have learned from others in the course of writing my books; we had too little in common except a set of shared parents, one of whom died when he was six and didn’t even remember. That parent, our father, was a formative influence in my life.

    Humans are tribal by nature, and our belief in blood ties doubtless stretches back to the very beginning, as attested to by the oldest literature. Yet that literature also makes clear that blood ties do not guarantee likeness, agreement, or even alliance. Seen through the lens of DNA, a more modern version of blood ties, we share somewhere between 37 and 61 percent of our DNA with a sibling. By the way, even identical twins don’t necessarily share 100 percent of their DNA, which shows you that laypeople shouldn’t pay attention to Internet news that we share 50 percent of our DNA with bananas. Just making a point here as an English major.

    But, of course, sibling relationships aren’t just about DNA. They are about shared experiences and experiences that aren’t shared even while growing up in the same family. They are about shared interests and interests that are hugely different, as well as other points of contiguity and distance.

    What Research Reveals About Adult Sibling Relationships and Estrangement

    article continues after advertisement

    While the research on sibling ties in childhood and adolescence is robust, including reams of information on the effect of parental favoritism, there’s nothing comparable when it comes to adult sibling relationships. A 2020 review of existing research by Megan Gilligan, Clara M. Stocker, and Katherine Jewsbury Conger noted that “generally” older adults reported having close relationships with siblings as well as maintaining contact, especially through social media. There are no percentages adduced to clarify the word “generally,” by the way. Some of the studies—such as those on continued contact between and among siblings after their parents have died—are contradictory, but it does appear that parents do play a role in keeping the fires of kinship burning, so their deaths may affect the siblings’ relationship.

    Some of what we know about sibling estrangement comes from Lucy Blake’s 2022 study, which was based on an online survey; it’s important to note that the respondents were recruited from a pool of people who had already been part of Stand Alone, a community devoted to those who have experienced estrangement. Additionally, 88 percent of the participants were women. The most common reason cited for estrangement was a ripple effect from being estranged from a parent; that makes sense to me and also confirms my own anecdotal research about conflicting family narratives. The other most common reason given—no surprise here—was parental favoritism, both in childhood and adulthood; this, too, rings very true.

    Perhaps the most important observation in this study isn’t about sibling estrangement but that the levels of connection between and among siblings varied far more than cultural tropes—or the “generally” statement adduced by the Gilligan study—would have us believe. Some respondents said they’d never felt close to their siblings or didn’t ‘know” them; others pointed to differing views, including politics.

    A recent German study published by Karsten Hank and Anja Steinbach sheds a bit more light on the prevalence of sibling estrangement. The study was drawn from specific parts of the population, those born from 1971-1973, 1981-83, and 1991-1993, of a nationally representative survey conducted over the course of six years; the participants thus ranged in age from early 50s to early 40s to early 30s. The size of the respondent pool was over 10,000 sibling pairs.

    The researchers hoped not just to discover the rate of estrangement but whether sibling estrangement was more likely among certain groups (same-sex siblings, full-blood siblings vs. half-siblings, and the like). The working definition of “estrangement” was lack of contact or lack of emotional closeness.

    article continues after advertisement

    While 75.5 percent of sibling pairs did not experience estrangement, 28.1 percent of respondents reported at least one period of estrangement from a sibling, and 14 percent reported multiple periods of estrangement. (It should be said that a pattern of cycling in and out of estrangement has been reported in adult child-parent estrangement, so this is to be expected.) Additionally, the researchers write, “Not only did older respondents in our sample report being estranged from siblings more often than younger ones, but we observed significant positive associations of disruptive family events (parental separation/divorce or death) and previous estrangement with the likelihood of being estranged in current interviews.”

    Some Anecdotal Evidence Worth Considering

    I’m personally not surprised that sibling estrangement is more common in older adults, in part because so many of these estrangements are a by-product or ripple effect of adult child-parental estrangement, and since the publication of my book, Daughter Detox, my own work has provided lots of anecdotal evidence that the recognition of parental mistreatment and abuse which propels estrangement comes relatively late in life. While some people recognize it in their 40s, the preponderance of women (and men) are in their 50s and older when they consider parental estrangement seriously or finally stop cycling through a pattern of estrangement and reconciliation. It then follows that sibling estrangement would, in fact, occur more with older adults.

    We still don’t know the full extent of the prevalence of sibling estrangement, but it’s clear that it’s neither rare nor uncommon.

    For more on sibling estrangement and why reconciliation is elusive, go here.

    Copyright © 2023 by Peg Streep

    Facebook image: PeopleImages.com – Yuri A/Shutterstock

    References

    Gilligan, Megan, Clare M. Stocker, and Katherine Jewsbury Conger, “Sibling Relationships in Adulthood: Research Findings and New Frontiers,” Journal of Family Theory & Revew, 2020, vol. 12 ,pp. 305-320.

    Blake, Lucy., Becca Bland, and Alison Rouncefield-Swales.” Estrangement Between Siblings in Adulthood: A Qualitative Exploration.” 2023, Journal of Family Issues, vol.44 (7), pp. 1859-1879.

    Hank, Karsten and Anja Steinbach, “Sibling Estrangement in Adulthood,” 2023, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, vol.40 (4), pp.1277-1287.

  • Histrionic Narcissists: Sex, Lies, and Manipulation Dr. Kristy Perkins

    Histrionic Narcissists: Sex, Lies, and Manipulation Dr. Kristy Perkins

    Histrionic and narcissistic traits can overlap to complicate relationships.

    • Cluster B personality disorders consist of narcissism, borderline, histrionic, and anti-social personality disorders.
    • Negative personality traits can also overlap between specific diagnostic criteria.
    • An individual does not need to have a clinical diagnosis to showcase negative personality traits.

    Cluster B disorders are a collection of negative traits organized into four classifications: narcissism, histrionic, borderline, and antisocial personality disordersPersonality disorders as a whole are described as enduring, maladaptive patterns of thoughts and/or behaviors that deviate from one’s culture (APA, 2013). These thoughts, beliefs, and actions are inflexible and overwhelmingly negative and pervasive.

    Despite our best efforts, we all have negative traits and unhealthy habits. What makes a trait pathological is the inability and unwillingness to change and improve. Even the kindest person on the road to sainthood can lash out in a fit of anger and ego. The act of being human comes with free will of thoughts and actions. We all have the innate ability to be a narcissist; however, what separates non-narcissists from the crowd is the element of self-control and choice. We can choose to use people for our own intentions and then discard them; we choose to lie and hide; we choose to cheat and sneak around. This is one reason why the diagnosis traits for Cluster B disorders are so low: the individuals with these problems do not seek help because they don’t believe they need help in the first place. Of course, to be clinically diagnosed with a specific disorder one must have a specific number of signs and symptoms. An individual can have traits of narcissism but not be officially classified as a narcissist.

    Narcissism or narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is most easily identified by the individual’s lack of empathy and overwhelming ego. However, many victims of narcissism report their abuser’s sexuality and emotions as being sharpened into weapons. These overtly sexual and dramatic individuals have what the American Psychiatric Association calls histrionic personality disorder (2013). Whereas narcissistic personality disorder is predominantly diagnosed in men, histrionic disorder (HPD) is diagnosed primarily in women. As with most personality disorders, histrionic individuals cannot be cured by prescription medications. Only the co-morbidities, such as depression and anxiety, can be treated. So whereas the depression can be lifted with the right treatment plan, it won’t do anything for the person’s egotistical actions or cold behaviors. The same goes for histrionic personality disorder.

    Histrionic personality disorder has several similarities to narcissism but also distinct differences. The use of theatrics, emotions, and sexuality stands in stark contrast from the cold and egotistical narcissist. However, many of the hallmarks overlap. Like positive personality traits such as openness or conscientiousness, negative personality traits can also overlap across disorders. Just because an individual displays several traits of narcissism doesn’t mean they also can’t act with traits of histrionic disorder.

    RODNAE Productions/Pexels

    Source: RODNAE Productions/Pexels

    Histrionic individuals have wildly exaggerated emotions and an overwhelming need to be noticed. In fact, the term histrionic means “dramatic” and “theatrical.” These people are well-known drama queens and busybodies who can’t handle being left outside of the circle of attention. The self-esteem of histrionics relied heavily on the opinions of others and can wax and wane according to their reputation. When they fall from grace, histrionics are more at risk for depression, crying fits, and desperation to turn the story around in which they are the victim. Narcissists, on the other hand, may become angry and challenging and generally be stupefied by the negative public opinion. They were—up until this moment—untouchable. If narcissists keep their negative self-image hidden and covered up by an overblown ego, then histrionics wear their self-centered hearts on their sleeves.

    Both narcissists and histrionics may use threats of suicide as an attention grab or a way to obtain sympathy and forgiveness. Neither type of individual can have a normal relationship for very long. Histrionics wear their partners out with their rapid mood swings; narcissists break down their partners with abuse and confrontation; both classifications generally exhaust the ability of friends and lovers to fulfill their grandiose demands for attention.

    Sexuality as a Weapon

    A major distinction between histrionic and narcissism is the use of sexuality. Narcissists are known to be more prone to cheating in their personal relationships, but histrionics are far more overtly sexually exploitative and provocative. Histrionics use sex and seduction to solve virtually any problem that arises and bring the attention back to them; narcissists use their sex as a method of control. A narcissist cheats because they feel they can, they deserve it, or they need something done for them in return. In contrast, a histrionic will engage in cheating to fulfill a desperate need for attention that they believe they aren’t getting from their partner. Regardless of whether the person is a narcissist or a histrionic, the cheating is not their fault. Jack recalls when he caught his ex-wife cheating. “She had been cheating for years with different men. She said it was because I didn’t pay enough attention to her and these men did, and they made her feel beautiful and worthy. The cheating was my fault because I didn’t make her feel beautiful.”

    Anthony’s ex-wife, in comparison, attempted to deny the charges when presented with the evidence of her cheating but also took on the role of the wronged party. Narcissists are expert liars and actors and can maintain their false persona much better and for longer periods of time than a histrionic. Anthony recalls that eventually she began flaunting her cheating instead of being embarrassed by it. “Cheating wasn’t her character flaw; it was mine somehow. She used it to belittle me and make herself the poor victim,” Anthony says.

    Nappy/Pexels

    Source: Nappy/Pexels

    Again, keep in mind that to be diagnosed a histrionic, one must check a specific number of boxes of the diagnostic criteria. Being confident and in control of your sexuality does not make you a histrionic; likewise, being overly dramatic is also not a way to diagnose someone as a histrionic. Someone can be sexual and seductive without being histrionic, and not all cheaters are suffering from histrionic personality disorder.

    Female narcissists are particularly dangerous and use their sexuality as a weapon to straddle the fine line between NPD and HPD. Histrionic narcissists use their seductiveness and even reproductive abilities to gain control of a relationship, maintain the upper hand, or just simply to hurt someone. Histrionic women cross into narcissistic territory through abuse of power and gender roles and the exploitation of relationships. Using children, pregnancy, and other family members to obtain what they want is never out of the realm of possibilities for a histrionic narcissist.

    References

    American Psychiatric Association. (2013). DSM-5. APA Publishing.

    About the Author

    Kristy Lee Parkin Ph.D.

    Kristy Lee Parkin is a licensed funeral director, certified life coach, and adjunct faculty member at Syracuse University.

    Online:

     FacebookLinkedInInstagram